Aeroplane



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ryrylll tr, a it. i .amat lla lll " tyt lli rya- `I l ll t application tiled .april E,

To ZZ n: 710m it may concern.'

lle it knoivn that ll, lhons lilonnonis'r, a citizen of the lUnited tltates of America, and resident ot2 Galeton, in the county oit Potter and Slate ci' Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and. usetul lmprovements in rlreroplanes, ol" `which the liollon'ingl a specification.

Vlhis invention `relates to aeroplanes, and has l'or an object the provision ci novel means whereby the apparatus may be elerated by the operation ot Wings or blades., the said elements to be hereinaliter referred to as wings, the said wings being arranged ll in pairs, and 'the wings ot each pair being alternately operated to assume horizontal and vertical positions, in order that the ascent of the machine will be augmented..

.llt is an object ci this invention *furthermore to provide novel means lor communi eating oscillatory motion to shafts on which, the wings are mounted, so that certain pairs ot wings may be moved to horizontal positions while other pairs may be moved to ver-- l' tical positions and vice versa, While the said wings are also being oscillated vertically. lllhile l have reilierred to Athe pairs ot Wings in the plurah it to be understood that in the manntacture or production ot an apparatus embodying the invention, the number ol" `pairs ot wings employed will be 'varied to snit particular requirements, and therel'ore,` applicant does not Wish to be held strictly to theembodiment ot *the invention here described or illustrated.

lt is a `further object o't this inventionito produce novel means 'whereby the Wings may be set atcertain positions preparatory to their being driven; and the invention also includes novel means lor transmitting power to the Wing operating mechanism and to a propeller which may be associated with the apparatus.

llt is a iurtherobject ot this invention to produce means by which partial rotary motion will be communicated to the Wings, `While atthe saine time, the said `Wings are oscillated vertically, as stated, and in the provision of means vvhereloythese driving or operating connections are associated with the same source ci power:

lilliththe :t'oregoing and other objects in view, the invention consists in the details ot construction, and in the arrangement and lean. serial ne. aflaosa.

combination ot parts to be hereinafter `more fully `set forth and claimed.

ln the describing theinvention in detail, reference will be had to the accompanying drawings 'forming part ot this application, wherein like characters denote corresponding parts in the several views, and in Whichlligurel illustrates a plan vievv ot an f aeroplane embodying the invention;

Figure 2 illustrates a longitudinal sec tional view of the car, showing the mechanism therein in elevation;

lligureYtillustrates a sectional view on a line corresponding with the line 3"@ of lligp; i

Figure l illustrates a sectional vievv on a line corresponding with the line Ll-Ll oi Fig. fl;

Figure t) illustrates a sectional. view on the line 5*-5 ot Fig. 2, omitting the Wings and parts associated Withthem; 5

Figure 6 illustrates a sectional View of lthe crankl sha'lt, showing the Wing operating cams;

Figure 7 illustrates an enlarged detail view oit the head oli a pitman; 80

liiglufe 8 illustrates a sectional view thereoli;

Figure 9 illustrates a perspective view of a :tragment ot the main crank shaft;

l'ilgurc l0 illustrates a sectional view ot the head ol" one olv the main pitmeng ligure ll illustrates a perspective View ot one citthe Wings and its shaft having an arm;

Figure l2 illustrates i a detailed View, partly in section, showing the Wing rotating pitman;

Figure 13 illustrates a perspective view olf .an eccentric strap with a crank with Which it is associated.

ln these drairingsl denotes a car which may be of any appropriate shape or` construction, the same being `provided with any suitable number olf bearing brackets 16 in 'ivhiclr a` maincrank shaft 17 is jonrnaled, and a plurality oit bearing brackets i8 at the sides ot 'the main crank shaft in which crank shafts 19 are journaled.`

l'lhe crank shaft 17 is providedwith eccentrics 20, a pair ot which is mounted on the said crank shaft tor each pairof Wings, andan eccentric strap 21 operates ingconjunction with each eccentricr lach eccen,m

trio strap has an arm 22 oscillatable on a wrist pin 23 of a crank 24 ot' a. crank shaft 25, the crank shaft also having another crank 26 to which the lower end of the wing oscillating pitman 27 is connected by a ball and socket joint such as 23. The upper end of the wing' rotating pit-man has a. socket 29 to receive the rounded end 30 of the arm 31, which arm is mounted on the shaft 32 oi? the wing. The inner end et the shaft 32 has a ball 34 which tits in one ot' the sockets 35 of the wing oscillating pitma-n it being shown that the lower en d oi the wing os-A cillatingpitman is mounted on one ot the throws of the crank shaft 17, in order that the wing oscillating pitman rises and falls as the crank 17 is rotated. As the wing oscillating pitman has two sockets, it follows that the wings of each pair are operated sin'iultaneously, while the shafts are oscillatable on their fulcrums which, in the present embodiment ot' the invention, comprise the posts 37, which posts have bearings for the enlarged portion 38 on the shai'fts of tne wings. The shafts of the wings not only oscillate in the bearings of the posts, but they partially rotate therein while the wings are being shifted from the horizontal to the vertical positions during the operation of the apparatus.

1t is the purpose of the inventor that the relation of parts shall be such that when the inner ends oit' the shafts or" the wings are in their lowermost positions, the shaitts ot the wings will have been rotated so that the wings are in horizontal positions and elevated with respect tov the inner ends of the shafts, and as the inner ends of the shafts are driven upwardly the wings will exert force to raise the machine, it being understood that other wings are in vertical position in order that they will otter a minimum resistance to the action ot the lifting wings, and that thereafter, the former vertically disposed wings will be turned to horizontal positions after they have been elevated, and so the pairs ot wings will operate successively to produce a lifting action during the rotationoi: the crank shaft. u

A toothed wheel 39 is secured on the crank shaft, and a handle 40 is oscillatable thereon and provided with a detent 4l pivoted toengage the teeth of the wheel when the handle is moved in one direction, in order that it will be etl'ective to partially rotate the crank shaft, the said detent being free to ride over the teeth when the handle is moved in the opposite direction. This handle is provided for the purpose of permitting the crank shaft to be rotated to set the wings at properj starting positions, or for other purposes.

, The motor 42 is here conventionally shown andit may be of any appropriate type. lts drive shaft 43 may be gea-red to the shaft 44 suitably journalcd in the car, and the said shaft 44 has clutch elements and 46 on its ends. rlhe crank shaft has a clutch elcment 4i' which is adapted to be thrown into and out of ei'igagement with the clutch clement 46 when the crank shalt is to he. driven. and the clutch element 4.7 is under control of av shitting; mechanism 4S which may be manipulated and held at dill'erent positions oi' adjustment by a rack and pa wl. gencralljv identified by the numeral 49.

propeller shaft 50 is journalei'l in suit able manner and has a propeller 5i which may he used to drive the aeroplane in known manner. rllie propeller shalt has a clutch member 52 adapted to coact with the clinch member so that it can he coupled to the sha ift 44 through the operation olif the shitting mechanism 53. l nism may be oi? appropriate type. :ind need not, it is thought, be dewribed iu detail.

Eis a description ol' the elements of the de vice and their relation to other elenicnls oi' the device have been stated in connection with a description olf the elements. a resnnn" et the operation ot the apparatus as a whole is believed to be nnnecessarv 'tor an understanding` thereof by one skilled in the art.

il. claim:

l. In a liying machine, a car, a crank shaft journaled therein, pairs oi: eccentrics on the crank shaft, eccentric straps engaging the said eccentrics and haring arms extending oppositcly, a crank partially rotated by each of the said arms, ptinfn connected to the cranks and reciprocated tlicreliy, shafts having wings mounted for oscillatory and ro tary motion with respect to the car, arms aiding 'from the said shai'ts to which the pitmen are connecteih a pil'nan to which the inner ends ot the shat'l's are connected, ancl means 'for connecting the opposite ends of the pitinan to one of the throws ol'v the crank shalt and means i'or drii ing the crank shaft.

2. In a flying machine, a car, a crank shaft journaled therein, pairs o l: eccentrica on the crank shaft, eccentric straps engaging the said eccentrics and having arms extending oppositely, a crank partially rotated by each of the said arms, pitmen connected to the cranks and reci procaied thereby. shafts harH ing` wings mounted for oscillatorykand rotar motion with respect to the car, arms extend ing from the said shalts to which the pilmei; are connelfted, a pitnian to which the inner ends of the shafts are connected, and means for connecting the opposite ends of the pitman to one oitl the throws ot the crank sha1 t, manually operated means for moving the crank shaft to adjust the wings to starting positions, and means for driving the crank shaft.

LOUIS NORDQUIST.

This shitting mecha` Inn lllfi 

